## NAME

pack - Geometry manager that packs around edges of cavity

## SYNOPSIS

$widget->pack?(args)?
$widget->pack Option?(args)?

## DESCRIPTION

The pack method is used to communicate with the packer, a geometry manager that arranges the children of a parent by packing them in order around the edges of the parent.

In this perl port of Tk it is normal to pack widgets one-at-a-time using the widget object to be packed to invoke a method call. This is a slight distortion of underlying Tk interface (which can handle lists of windows to one pack ``command'') but has proven effective in practice.

The pack command can have any of several forms, depending on the option argument:

$slave->pack?(options)?
  The options consist of pairs of arguments that specify how to manage the slave. See THE PACKER ALGORITHM below for details on how the options are used by the packer. The following options are supported:
-after => other
  Other must be another window. Use its master as the master for the slave, and insert the slave just after other in the packing order.
-anchor => anchor
  Anchor must be a valid anchor position such as n or sw; it specifies where to position each slave in its parcel. Defaults to center.
-before => other
  Other must be another window. Use its master as the master for the slave, and insert the slave just before other in the packing order.
-expand => boolean
  Specifies whether the slave should be expanded to consume extra space in their master. Boolean may have any proper boolean value, such as 1 or no. Defaults to 0.
-fill => style
  If a slave's parcel is larger than its requested dimensions, this option may be used to stretch the slave. Style must have one of the following values:
none
  Give the slave its requested dimensions plus any internal padding requested with -ipadx or -ipady. This is the default.
x
  Stretch the slave horizontally to fill the entire width of its parcel (except leave external padding as specified by -padx).
y
  Stretch the slave vertically to fill the entire height of its parcel (except leave external padding as specified by -pady).
both
  Stretch the slave both horizontally and vertically.
-in => other
  Insert the slave(s) at the end of the packing order for the master window given by other.
-ipadx => amount
  Amount specifies how much horizontal internal padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). Amount must be a valid screen distance, such as 2 or .5c. It defaults to 0.
-ipady => amount
  Amount specifies how much vertical internal padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). Amount defaults to 0.
-padx => amount
  Amount specifies how much horizontal external padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). Amount defaults to 0.
-pady => amount
  Amount specifies how much vertical external padding to leave on each side of the slave(s). Amount defaults to 0.
-side => side
  Specifies which side of the master the slave(s) will be packed against. Must be left, right, top, or bottom. Defaults to top.

If no -in, -after or -before option is specified then slave will be inserted at the end of the packing list for its parent unless it is already managed by the packer (in which case it will be left where it is). If one of these options is specified then slave will be inserted at the specified point. If the slave are already managed by the geometry manager then any unspecified options for them retain their previous values rather than receiving default values.

$slave->packForget
  Removes slave from the packing order for its master and unmaps its window. The slave will no longer be managed by the packer.
$slave->packInfo
  Returns a list whose elements are the current configuration state of the slave given by $slave in the same option-value form that might be specified to pack configure. The first two elements of the list are ``-in => master'' where master is the slave's master.
$master->packPropagate?(boolean)?
  If boolean has a true boolean value such as 1 or on then propagation is enabled for master, (see GEOMETRY PROPAGATION below). If boolean has a false boolean value then propagation is disabled for master. In either of these cases an empty string is returned. If boolean is omitted then the command returns 0 or 1 to indicate whether propagation is currently enabled for master. Propagation is enabled by default.
$master->packSlaves
  Returns a list of all of the slaves in the packing order for master. The order of the slaves in the list is the same as their order in the packing order. If master has no slaves then an empty string is returned.

## THE PACKER ALGORITHM

For each master the packer maintains an ordered list of slaves called the packing list. The -in, -after, and -before configuration options are used to specify the master for each slave and the slave's position in the packing list. If none of these options is given for a slave then the slave is added to the end of the packing list for its parent.

The packer arranges the slaves for a master by scanning the packing list in order. At the time it processes each slave, a rectangular area within the master is still unallocated. This area is called the cavity; for the first slave it is the entire area of the master.

For each slave the packer carries out the following steps:

1. The packer allocates a rectangular parcel for the slave along the side of the cavity given by the slave's -side option. If the side is top or bottom then the width of the parcel is the width of the cavity and its height is the requested height of the slave plus the -ipady and -pady options. For the left or right side the height of the parcel is the height of the cavity and the width is the requested width of the slave plus the -ipadx and -padx options. The parcel may be enlarged further because of the -expand option (see EXPANSION below)
2. The packer chooses the dimensions of the slave. The width will normally be the slave's requested width plus twice its -ipadx option and the height will normally be the slave's requested height plus twice its -ipady option. However, if the -fill option is x or both then the width of the slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel, minus twice the -padx option. If the -fill option is y or both then the height of the slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel, minus twice the -pady option.
3. The packer positions the slave over its parcel. If the slave is smaller than the parcel then the -anchor option determines where in the parcel the slave will be placed. If -padx or -pady is non-zero, then the given amount of external padding will always be left between the slave and the edges of the parcel.

Once a given slave has been packed, the area of its parcel is subtracted from the cavity, leaving a smaller rectangular cavity for the next slave. If a slave doesn't use all of its parcel, the unused space in the parcel will not be used by subsequent slaves. If the cavity should become too small to meet the needs of a slave then the slave will be given whatever space is left in the cavity. If the cavity shrinks to zero size, then all remaining slaves on the packing list will be unmapped from the screen until the master window becomes large enough to hold them again.

## EXPANSION

If a master window is so large that there will be extra space left over after all of its slaves have been packed, then the extra space is distributed uniformly among all of the slaves for which the -expand option is set. Extra horizontal space is distributed among the expandable slaves whose -side is left or right, and extra vertical space is distributed among the expandable slaves whose -side is top or bottom.

## GEOMETRY PROPAGATION

The packer normally computes how large a master must be to just exactly meet the needs of its slaves, and it sets the requested width and height of the master to these dimensions. This causes geometry information to propagate up through a window hierarchy to a top-level window so that the entire sub-tree sizes itself to fit the needs of the leaf windows. However, the pack propagate command may be used to turn off propagation for one or more masters. If propagation is disabled then the packer will not set the requested width and height of the packer. This may be useful if, for example, you wish for a master window to have a fixed size that you specify.

## RESTRICTIONS ON MASTER WINDOWS

The master for each slave must either be the slave's parent (the default) or a descendant of the slave's parent. This restriction is necessary to guarantee that the slave can be placed over any part of its master that is visible without danger of the slave being clipped by its parent.

## PACKING ORDER

If the master for a slave is not its parent then you must make sure that the slave is higher in the stacking order than the master. Otherwise the master will obscure the slave and it will appear as if the slave hasn't been packed correctly. The easiest way to make sure the slave is higher than the master is to create the master window first: the most recently created window will be highest in the stacking order. Or, you can use the raise and lower commands to change the stacking order of either the master or the slave.

## KEYWORDS

geometry manager, location, packer, parcel, propagation, size