Putting these expressions together, we have a function definition that looks like this:
;;; First subtractive version.
(defun triangle (number-of-rows)
"Add up the number of pebbles in a triangle."
(let ((total 0)
(number-of-pebbles-in-row number-of-rows))
(while (> number-of-pebbles-in-row 0)
(setq total (+ total number-of-pebbles-in-row))
(setq number-of-pebbles-in-row
(1- number-of-pebbles-in-row)))
total))
As written, this function works.
However, it turns out that one of the local variables,
number-of-pebbles-in-row, is unneeded!
When the triangle function is evaluated, the symbol
number-of-rows will be bound to a number, giving it an initial
value. That number can be changed in the body of the function as if
it were a local variable, without any fear that such a change will
effect the value of the variable outside of the function. This is a
very useful characteristic of Lisp; it means that the variable
number-of-rows can be used anywhere in the function where
number-of-pebbles-in-row is used.
Here is a second version of the function written a bit more cleanly:
(defun triangle (number) ; Second version.
"Return sum of numbers 1 through NUMBER inclusive."
(let ((total 0))
(while (> number 0)
(setq total (+ total number))
(setq number (1- number)))
total))
In brief, a properly written while loop will consist of three parts:
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