Table of Contents
  This appendix and the next one contain information regarding the modules that
  can be found in the contrib directory of the
  PostgreSQL distribution.
  These include porting tools, analysis utilities,
  and plug-in features that are not part of the core PostgreSQL system,
  mainly because they address a limited audience or are too experimental
  to be part of the main source tree.  This does not preclude their
  usefulness.
 
  This appendix covers extensions and other server plug-in modules found in
  contrib.  Appendix G covers utility
  programs.
 
When building from the source distribution, these components are not built automatically, unless you build the "world" target (see Step 2). You can build and install all of them by running:
makemake install
  in the contrib directory of a configured source tree;
  or to build and install
  just one selected module, do the same in that module's subdirectory.
  Many of the modules have regression tests, which can be executed by
  running:
make check
before installation or
make installcheck
once you have a PostgreSQL server running.
  If you are using a pre-packaged version of PostgreSQL,
  these modules are typically made available as a separate subpackage,
  such as postgresql-contrib.
 
Many modules supply new user-defined functions, operators, or types. To make use of one of these modules, after you have installed the code you need to register the new SQL objects in the database system. In PostgreSQL 9.1 and later, this is done by executing a CREATE EXTENSION command. In a fresh database, you can simply do
CREATE EXTENSION module_name;
  This command must be run by a database superuser.  This registers the
  new SQL objects in the current database only, so you need to run this
  command in each database that you want
  the module's facilities to be available in.  Alternatively, run it in
  database template1 so that the extension will be copied into
  subsequently-created databases by default.
 
  Many modules allow you to install their objects in a schema of your
  choice.  To do that, add SCHEMA
   to the schema_nameCREATE EXTENSION
  command.  By default, the objects will be placed in your current creation
  target schema, which in turn defaults to public.
 
If your database was brought forward by dump and reload from a pre-9.1 version of PostgreSQL, and you had been using the pre-9.1 version of the module in it, you should instead do
CREATE EXTENSION module_name FROM unpackaged;
This will update the pre-9.1 objects of the module into a proper extension object. Future updates to the module will be managed by ALTER EXTENSION. For more information about extension updates, see Section 37.17.
Note, however, that some of these modules are not “extensions” in this sense, but are loaded into the server in some other way, for instance by way of shared_preload_libraries. See the documentation of each module for details.