\documentstyle[12pt,a4,eltex,bezier]{article}
\begin{document}
\title{El\TeX , macro for drawing electrotecnical schemas.}
\author{Libor Gajdo\v{s}\'{\i}k \thanks{V\v{S}B-Tecnical University Ostrava}
\\ libor.gajdosik@vsb.cz}
\maketitle


\tableofcontents
\section{Introduction.}
Macro \verb?eltex.sty? we can use for drawing simple electrotecnical
schemas in \LaTeX . Schemas can be drawn by using spetial commands
in \verb?\picture? environment. These commands are derived
from basic commands of \verb?\picture? environment.

\section{Installation.}
Copy the file \verb?eltex.sty? to the directory where there are other
files \verb?*.sty? (mostly it is TEXINPUT). File contents definitions
for drawing devices. Basic unitlength is here defined as
\verb?\unitlength=1mm?. Text labels at devices are designed for
 12pt. If it is necessary to change the area of the scheme
then use \verb?\unitlength? with other unitlength. With respect to this
use suitable size of characters for labels.
It is necessary also use macro \verb?\bezier.sty?.
Every devices in  \verb?picture? environment is placed by using
coordinates. To make easy the orientation in picture you can generate
grid, with rectangles 10 x10 mm, using the command
\verb?\grid{p1}{p2}?. Parameter p1 is x range of picture in cm, and p2
is
y range in cm (only cardinal numbers valid). After finishing work
you can this command delete. To make easy the schema drawing
the basic proportion of devices are round cardinal number.
Dimensions of devices and coordinates of their reference points are in
mm. Reference points of devices (usually it is begin of lead)
is in this document marked by black
point 1mm.

Program for schema drawing contents such commands:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentstyle[12pt,eltex,bezier]{article}
\begin{document}
      .
      .
\begin{picture}(100,80)(0,0)  %figure 100 x 80 mm
\grid{10}{8}    %grid 10 x 8 cm
      .
\put(10,20){\hwire{50}}   %at position 10,20 [mm] is placed horizontal
      .                   %wire length 50 mm
\end{picture}
      .
      .
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}

Command for drawing some device contents also parameters for labels.
Positions of this labels are defined in definition of this command.
If the positions of this labels are not suitable, this parameter in
command must be empty. Then you can for label use standard command
\verb?\makebox? or you can use simile in eltex defined commands
\verb?\vlabel  a  \hlabel? for manual placing labels.

\bf Commands for manual placing labels. \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal labels
      \begin{verbatim}
       \hlabel{p1}{p2}
      \end{verbatim}
p1 - text (device label),
p2 - text (value of device) both of texts are placed horizontaly
separated by space see fig.~\ref{pop}~a).
\item vertical labels
\begin{verbatim}
       \vlabel{p1}{p2}
      \end{verbatim}
p1 - text (device label),
p2 - text (value of device) both texts are placed first above second
separated by vertical space see fig.~\ref{pop}~b).
\end{itemize}
Example of use
\begin{verbatim}
\put(0,10){\hrez{$R_{11}$}{10k}{0}}  %this are automatic labels
\put(0,20){\vrez{$R_{11}$}{10k}{0}}
%%%%%%%%%%%
\put(0,10){\hrez{}{}{0}}  %using described commands for manual labels
\put(10,15){\hlabel{$R_{11}$}{10k}}
\put(0,20){\vrez{}{}{0}}
\put(0,15){\vlabel{$R_{11}$}{10k}}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,50)(0,0)
\put(0,10){\hrez{$R_{11}$}{10k}{0}}
\put(10,20){\vrez{$R_{11}$}{10k}{0}}
\put(10,45){\makebox(6,6){a)}}
%%%%%%%%%%%
\put(50,10){\hrez{}{}{0}}
\put(60,15){\hlabel{$R_{11}$}{10k}}
\put(80,20){\vrez{}{}{0}}
\put(85,35){\vlabel{$R_{11}$}{10k}}
\put(70,45){\makebox(6,6){b)}}
\end{picture}
\caption{Labels of devices} \label{pop}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\section{Basic pasive devices and symbols.}
\bf Rezistors \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position 30mm lenght
      \begin{verbatim}
       \hrez{p1}{p2}{p3}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - text (device label)
              \item p2 - text (value of device)
              \item p3 - number (code) 0 up to  6 see fig.~\ref{odp1}.
              \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
Example of command
\begin{verbatim}
\put(0,90){\hrez{R}{10k}{0}}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,80)(0,0)
\put(0,90){\hrez{R}{10k}{0}}
\put(0,90){\node}
\put(0,80){\makebox(15,6){p3=0}}
\put(0,60){\hrez{R}{10k}{1}}
\put(0,60){\node}
\put(0,50){\makebox(15,6){p3=1}}
\put(0,30){\hrez{R}{10k}{2}}
\put(0,30){\node}
\put(0,20){\makebox(15,6){p3=2}}
\put(60,30){\hrez{R}{10k}{3}}
\put(60,30){\node}
\put(60,20){\makebox(15,6){p3=3}}
\put(60,60){\hrez{R}{10k}{4}}
\put(60,60){\node}
\put(60,50){\makebox(15,6){p3=4}}
\put(60,90){\hrez{R}{10k}{5}}
\put(60,90){\node}
\put(60,80){\makebox(15,6){p3=5}}
\put(30,70){\hrez{R}{10k}{6}}
\put(30,70){\node}
\put(30,60){\makebox(15,6){p3=6}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Horizontally placed resistors.}
\label{odp1}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\begin{itemize}
\item vertical position 30mm height
      \begin{verbatim}
       \vrez{p1}{p2}{p3}
      \end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}
where parameters p1 up to  p3 are the same meaning as at horizontally
placed resistor. Values of param. p3 see fig.~\ref{odp2}.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,70)(0,0)
\put(0,0){\vrez{R}{10k}{0}}
\put(0,0){\node}
\put(0,0){\makebox(15,6){p3=0}}
\put(0,40){\vrez{R}{10k}{1}}
\put(0,40){\node}
\put(0,40){\makebox(15,6){p3=1}}
\put(20,0){\vrez{R}{10k}{2}}
\put(20,0){\node}
\put(20,0){\makebox(15,6){p3=2}}
\put(20,40){\vrez{R}{10k}{3}}
\put(20,40){\node}
\put(20,40){\makebox(15,6){p3=3}}
\put(40,0){\vrez{R}{10k}{4}}
\put(40,0){\node}
\put(40,0){\makebox(15,6){p3=4}}
\put(40,40){\vrez{R}{10k}{5}}
\put(40,40){\node}
\put(40,40){\makebox(15,6){p3=5}}
\put(60,20){\vrez{R}{10k}{6}}
\put(60,20){\node}
\put(60,20){\makebox(15,6){p3=6}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Vertically placed resistors.}
\label{odp2}
\end{figure}


\clearpage

\begin{itemize}
\item diagonal position in rectangle 20mm x 20mm
      \begin{verbatim}
       \drez{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameters p1 up to p4 are meaning:
\begin{itemize}
  \item p1 - diagonale select D = down (device drawn from ref. point
   to right down) U = upper (device drawn from ref. point to right
   up)
  \item p2 - text (device label)
  \item p3 - text (value of device)
  \item p4 - code ( 0 up to  6) meaning see fig.~\ref{odp3}.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
Example of use
\begin{verbatim}
\put(0,90){\drez{U}{R}{10k}{1}}
\end{verbatim}



\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,90)(0,0)
\put(0,90){\drez{D}{R}{10k}{0}}
\put(0,90){\node}
\put(0,90){\makebox(15,6){p4=0}}
\put(0,50){\drez{D}{R}{10k}{1}}
\put(0,50){\node}
\put(0,50){\makebox(15,6){p4=1}}
\put(0,20){\drez{D}{R}{10k}{2}}
\put(0,20){\node}
\put(0,20){\makebox(15,6){p4=2}}
\put(60,90){\drez{D}{R}{10k}{3}}
\put(60,90){\node}
\put(60,90){\makebox(15,6){p4=3}}
\put(60,50){\drez{D}{R}{10k}{4}}
\put(60,50){\node}
\put(60,50){\makebox(15,6){p4=4}}
\put(60,20){\drez{D}{R}{10k}{5}}
\put(60,20){\node}
\put(60,20){\makebox(15,6){p4=5}}
\put(30,70){\drez{D}{R}{10k}{6}}
\put(30,70){\node}
\put(30,70){\makebox(15,6){p4=6}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Diagonally placed resistors.}
\label{odp3}
\end{figure}

\clearpage


\bf Capacitors \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position 30mm lenght
      \begin{verbatim}
       \hcap{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - text (device label)
              \item p2 - text (value of device)
              \item p3 - code  0, 1, 4 see fig.~\ref{kon1}.
              \item p4 - position of + lead at electrolytic capacitors
              L = left, R = right
              \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
Example of command
\begin{verbatim}
\put(0,90){\hcap{C}{10k}{0}(L}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,80)(0,0)
\put(30,10){\hcap{C}{10k}{0}{}}
\put(30,10){\node}
\put(30,0){\makebox(15,6){p3=0}}
\put(0,60){\hcap{C}{10k}{1}{}}
\put(0,60){\node}
\put(0,50){\makebox(15,6){p3=1}}
\put(0,30){\hcap{C}{10k}{4}{}}
\put(0,30){\node}
\put(0,20){\makebox(15,6){p3=4}}
\put(60,30){\hcap{C}{10k}{0}{L}}
\put(60,30){\node}
\put(60,20){\makebox(15,6){p4=L}}
\put(60,60){\hcap{C}{10k}{0}{R}}
\put(60,60){\node}
\put(60,50){\makebox(15,6){p4=R}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Horizontally placed capacitors}
\label{kon1}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\begin{itemize}
\item vertical position 30mm height
      \begin{verbatim}
       \vcap{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
      \end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}
where parameters p1 up to p3 are the some meaning as at horizontally
placed capacitors. Values of parameter p3 see fig.~\ref{kon2}.
Parameter p4 marks position of + lead at electrolytic capacitors.
U = upper, D = down
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(60,70)(0,0)
\put(0,0){\vcap{C}{10k}{0}{}}
\put(0,0){\node}
\put(0,0){\makebox(15,6){p3=0}}
\put(0,40){\vcap{C}{10k}{1}{}}
\put(0,40){\node}
\put(0,40){\makebox(15,6){p3=1}}
\put(20,0){\vcap{C}{10k}{4}{}}
\put(20,0){\node}
\put(20,0){\makebox(15,6){p3=4}}
\put(20,40){\vcap{C}{10k}{0}{U}}
\put(20,40){\node}
\put(20,40){\makebox(15,6){p4=U}}
\put(40,0){\vcap{C}{10k}{0}{D}}
\put(40,0){\node}
\put(40,0){\makebox(15,6){p4=D}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Vertically placed capacitors}
\label{kon2}
\end{figure}

\clearpage


\begin{itemize}
\item diagonal position in rectangle 20mm x 20mm
      \begin{verbatim}
       \dcap{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}{p5}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameters p1 up to p5 are meaning:
\begin{itemize}
  \item p1 - diagonale selection D = down (device drawn from ref. point
   to right down) U = upper (device drawn from ref. point
   to right up)
  \item p2 - text (device label)
  \item p3 - text (value of device)
  \item p4 - code ( 0, 1, 4) see fig.~\ref{kon3}.
  \item p5 - position of + lead at electrolytic capacitors
  D = down, U = upper
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
Example of commands
\begin{verbatim}
\put(0,90){\dcap{U}{C}{10k}{0}{D}}
\put(0,90){\dcap{U}{C}{10k}{0}{}}
\end{verbatim}



\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,60)(0,0)
\put(0,60){\dcap{D}{C}{10k}{0}{}}
\put(0,60){\node}
\put(0,60){\makebox(15,6){p4=0}}
\put(0,20){\dcap{D}{C}{10k}{1}{}}
\put(0,20){\node}
\put(0,20){\makebox(15,6){p4=1}}
\put(30,40){\dcap{D}{C}{10k}{4}{}}
\put(30,40){\node}
\put(30,40){\makebox(15,6){p4=4}}
\put(60,60){\dcap{D}{C}{10k}{0}{U}}
\put(60,60){\node}
\put(60,60){\makebox(15,6){p5=U}}
\put(60,20){\dcap{D}{C}{10k}{0}{D}}
\put(60,20){\node}
\put(60,20){\makebox(15,6){p5=D}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Diagonally placed capacitors}
\label{kon3}
\end{figure}

\clearpage


\bf Inductors \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position 30mm length
      \begin{verbatim}
       \hind{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - drawing of turns - U - arces up
              D - arces down
              \item p2 - text (device label)
              \item p3 - text (value of device)
              \item p4 - code 0, 1, see fig.~\ref{ind1}
             \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
Example of command
\begin{verbatim}
\put(0,90){\hind{U}{L}{1H}{0}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(90,50)(0,0)
\put(60,40){\hind{U}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(60,40){\node}
\put(60,25){\makebox(15,6){p3=0}}
\put(0,40){\hind{U}{L}{1H}{1}}
\put(0,40){\node}
\put(0,25){\makebox(15,6){p3=1}}
\put(0,10){\hind{U}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(0,10){\node}
\put(0,-5){\makebox(15,6){p1=U}}
\put(60,10){\hind{D}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(60,10){\node}
\put(60,-5){\makebox(15,6){p1=D}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Horizontally placed inductors}
\label{ind1}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\begin{itemize}
\item vertical position 30mm height
      \begin{verbatim}
       \vind{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
      \end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}
where parameters p2 up to p4 are the some meaning as at horizontally
placed inductors. Values of parameter p3 see fig.~\ref{ind2}.
Parameter p1 is for drawing of turns.
L = arces left, R = arces right.
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(40,70)(0,0)
\put(0,0){\vind{R}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(0,0){\node}
\put(0,0){\makebox(15,6){p3=0}}
\put(0,40){\vind{R}{L}{1H}{1}}
\put(0,40){\node}
\put(0,40){\makebox(15,6){p3=1}}
\put(20,0){\vind{R}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(20,0){\node}
\put(20,0){\makebox(15,6){p1=R}}
\put(20,40){\vind{L}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(20,40){\node}
\put(20,40){\makebox(15,6){p1=L}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Vertical placed inductors}
\label{ind2}
\end{figure}

\clearpage


\begin{itemize}
\item diagonal position in rectangle 20mm x 20mm
      \begin{verbatim}
       \dind{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}{p5}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameters p1 up to p5 are meaning:
\begin{itemize}
  \item p1 - diagonale selection D = down (device drawn from ref. point
  to right down) U = upper (device drawn from ref. point to right up)
  \item p2 - drawing turns, L - arces left, R - arces right
  \item p3 - text (device label)
  \item p4 - text (value of device)
  \item p5 - code ( 0, 1)  see fig.~\ref{ind3}.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
Example of command
\begin{verbatim}
\put(0,90){\dind{D}{R}{L}{1H}{0}}
\end{verbatim}



\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(50,60)(0,0)
\put(0,60){\dind{D}{R}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(0,60){\node}
\put(0,60){\makebox(15,6){p4=0}}
\put(0,20){\dind{D}{R}{L}{1H}{1}}
\put(0,20){\node}
\put(0,20){\makebox(15,6){p4=1}}
\put(30,20){\dind{D}{R}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(30,20){\node}
\put(30,20){\makebox(15,6){p1=U}}
\put(30,60){\dind{D}{R}{L}{1H}{0}}
\put(30,60){\node}
\put(30,60){\makebox(15,6){p1=D}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Diagonally placed inductors}
\label{ind3}
\end{figure}

\clearpage


\bf Arrows \rm  \\
For marking the directions of currents and voltages.
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  10mm  lenght
      \begin{verbatim}
       \harrow{p1}{p2}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - orientation of arrow - R - right
              L - left
              \item p2 - text (placed above arrow)
             \end{itemize}
      \item vertical position  10mm  height
      \begin{verbatim}
       \varrow{p1}{p2}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - orientation - U - up
              D - down
              \item p2 - text
             \end{itemize}
      \item diagonal position in rectangle 10mm x 10mm
      \begin{verbatim}
       \darrow{p1}{p2}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - orientation (number code) - 1 first quadrant
              2 - second quadrant, 3 - third quadrant,
              4 - fourth quadrant in plane
              \item p2 - text
             \end{itemize}
       \item loops (oriented arc d=15mm)
      \begin{verbatim}
       \cloop{p1}{p2}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - orientation - L - left, R - right
              \item p2 - text (placed in loop)
             \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\bf Sources  \rm \\
Voltage sources
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  30mm  lenght
      \begin{verbatim}
       \hsourcev{p1}{p2}{p3}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - orientation of voltage - R - right
              L - left
              \item p2 - text (source label)
              \item p3 - text (value of voltage)
             \end{itemize}
      \item vertical position 30mm height
      \begin{verbatim}
       \vsourcev{p1}{p2}{p3}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - orientation of voltage - U - up
              D - down
              \item p2 - text (source label)
              \item p3 - text (value of voltage)
             \end{itemize}
      \item diagonal position in rectangle 30mm x 30mm
      \begin{verbatim}
       \dsourcev{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
      \end{verbatim}
where parameter \begin{itemize}
              \item p1 - diagonale selection U - right up,
              D - right down
              \item p2 - orienation of voltage U - right up, D - right
              down
              \item p3 - text (source label)
              \item p4 - text (value of voltage)
             \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

Current sources
\begin{verbatim}
  horizontal position \hsourcec{p1}{p2}{p3}
  vertical position   \vsourcec{p1}{p2}{p3}
  diagonal position   \dsourcec{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
\end{verbatim}
Meaning of parameters is the same as in the case of voltage sources.



\clearpage


\bf Measuring instruments \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
  \item horizontal position 30mm lenght
    \begin{verbatim}
      \hmeasure{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is text, mark of instrument eg. V, A, mA .
  \item vertical position 30mm height
    \begin{verbatim}
      \vmeasure{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
  \item diagonal position in rectangle 30mm x 30mm
     \begin{verbatim}
      \dmeasure{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
    \begin{itemize}
     \item  p1 diagonale selection D - right down,
     U - right up
     \item  p2 is text, mark of instrument eg. V, A, mA.
    \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\bf Wires for connection \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
  \item horizontal position
    \begin{verbatim}
      \hwire{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is number, lenght in mm (withouth mm), line will be drawn
 from ref. point to right.
  \item vertical position
    \begin{verbatim}
      \vwire{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
    parameter p1 is number, lenght in mm (withouth mm), line will be
    drawn  from ref. point up.


\clearpage

  \item diagonal position
     \begin{verbatim}
      \dwire{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
    \begin{itemize}
     \item  p1 is diagonale selection D - right down,
     U - right up
     \item  p2 is number, lenght of line
    \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\bf Pins \rm \\
    \begin{verbatim}
      \pin{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label)


\bf Wire connection (node) \rm \\
    \begin{verbatim}
      \node
    \end{verbatim}
dot 1,5mm  thick  will be drawn

\bf Switches \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
  \item horizontal position 10mm lenght
    \begin{verbatim}
      \hswitch{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is code (switch is) 1 = on, 0 = off \\
 parameter p2 is text (switch label)
  \item vertical position 10mm height
    \begin{verbatim}
      \vswitch{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
  parameters are the same meaning as in the case of horizontal
\end{itemize}

\clearpage


\bf Overswitches twopoint \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
  \item horizontal position 10mm lenght
    \begin{verbatim}
      \hoverswitch{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is code  U = upper point is on, D = down point is on
  \\
 parameter p2 is orientation of overswitch  L = left, R = right \\
 parameter p3 is text (some label)
  \item vertical position 10mm height
    \begin{verbatim}
      \voverswitch{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is code R = right point is on, L = left point is on
 \\
 parameter p2 is orientation of overswitch  U = up, D = down \\
 parameter p3 is text (label of overswitch)
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,50)(0,0)
\put(0,10){\hmeasure{mA}}
\put(0,10){\node}
\put(0,40){\hsourcev{L}{$U_{1}$}{3 V}}
\put(0,40){\node}
\put(30,20){\hsourcec{R}{I}{1 mA}}
\put(30,20){\node}
\put(40,40){\hswitch{0}{$S_{2}$}}
\put(40,40){\node}
\put(70,40){\vswitch{1}{$S_{2}$}}
\put(70,40){\node}
\put(90,40){\hoverswitch{U}{L}{S}}
\put(90,40){\node}
\put(70,10){\voverswitch{R}{U}{$S_{3}$}}
\put(70,10){\node}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Sources, switches, measuring instruments}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\bf Cores of coils \rm \\

\begin{itemize}
  \item horizontal position
    \begin{verbatim}
      \hcore{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is lenght to be drawn in  mm (withouth mm)
 \\
 parameter p2 is type of material F is ferrite, I is iron \\
  \item vertical position
    \begin{verbatim}
      \vcore{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 and p2 are the same meaning as in the previous case
 \\
  \item diagonal position
    \begin{verbatim}
      \dcore{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is diagonale selection  U -right up, D -
 right down \\
 parameter p2 is lenght to be drawn mm (withouht mm)
 \\
 parameter p3 is type of material  F is ferrite, I is iron \\
\end{itemize}

\bf Symbols for orientation of mutual inductance \rm \\
    \begin{verbatim}
      \simb{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
 parameter p1 is code of symbol,  1 = thick dot , 2
 = little rectange, 3 = little triangle


\bf Connection to chassis \rm \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \chassis
    \end{verbatim}

\bf Earth connection \rm \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \earth
    \end{verbatim}

\bf Bulb \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  20mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hbulb{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is text (bulb label) \\
parameter p2 is text (value of voltage eg.) \\
\item vertical position 30mm height
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vbulb{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is text (bulb label) \\
parameter p2 is text (value of voltage eg.)
\item diagonal position (diagonale in rectangle 30mm x 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \dbulb{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is diagonale selection, D - right down, U - right up \\
parameter p2 is text (bulb label) \\
parameter p3 is text (value of voltage eg.) \\
\end {itemize}


\clearpage


These commands have only two parameters with meaning \\
parameter p1 is text (label of device) \\
parameter p2 is text (value of voltage eg.) \\


\bf Discharge lamp \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position 20mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hdlamp{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}

\item vertical position 20mm height
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vdlamp{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\bf Fluorescent lamp \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  30mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hflamp{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\item vertical position  30mm height
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vflamp{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\bf Bell \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position 20mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \bell{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}

\clearpage


\bf Buzzer \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  20mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \buzzer{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\end{itemize}



\bf Glow tube \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  20mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hglow{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\item vertical position 20mm height
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vglow{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\bf Fuse \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position 20mm length
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hfuse{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\item vertical position  20mm height
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vfuse{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\bf Crystal resonator \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  20mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hcrystal{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\item vertical position 20mm height
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vcrystal{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\clearpage

\bf Other symbols \\
Relay  \rm ( height 20mm)\\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \relay{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
where parameter p1 is type of relay,  empty par. = general symb., A =
alternating current relay,
 B = slow operating, C = slow releasing, P =
polarized, M = mettering relay \\
parameter p2 is text (label) \\
parameter p3 is text (number -resistance of coil)\\

\bf Spark gap \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  20mm lenght
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hgap{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is text (eg. voltage kV)
\item vertical position  20mm height
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vgap{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\bf Tape recorder head \rm height 30mm \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \mghead{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is type of head R = recording, P = playing, C = combined,
E = erasing \\
parameter p2 is text (label of head) \\

\clearpage

\bf Pick up \rm height 30mm \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \pickup{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is type  D = dynamic, C = crystal, empty par. = general
symb. \\
parameters p2 and p3 is text (labels) \\

\bf Earphone \rm height 20mm \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \earphone{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is orientation  L = left, R = right \\
parameter p2 is type  D = dynamic, C = crystal, empty par. = general
symb. \\
parameter p3 is text (label) \\
parameter p4 is text (eg. resistance) \\

\bf Loudspeaker \rm  20mm height \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \loudspeaker{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is orientation  L = left, R = right \\
parameter p2 is text (label) \\
parameter p3 is text (eg. resistance ) \\

\bf Microphone \rm  20mm height \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \microphone{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is orientation L = left, R = right,  \\
parameter p2 is type  D = dynamic, C = crystal, empty par.= general
symb.\\
parameter p3 is text (label) \\
parameter p4 is text (eg. resistance ) \\

\clearpage

\bf Antenna \rm \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \antenna{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is type G = general symb., D = dipole, F = folded dipole  \\

\bf Engine \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position  (circle 10mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hengine{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is type  A = alternating current, D = direct currect
\item vertical position
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vengine{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\bf Generator \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position   (circle 10 mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hgenerator{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is type  A = alternating current, D = direct current
\item vertical position
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vgenerator{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\clearpage

\bf Transformer \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position   (lenght 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \htrfo{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code Y = with core, N = withouth core \\
parameter p2 is type of core F = ferrit, I = iron \\
parameter p3 is code 0 = non adjustable core , 1 = adjustable core \\
\item vertical position  (height 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vtrafo{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
\end {itemize}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,150)(0,0)
\put(10,0){\vtrafo{Y}{I}{0}}
\put(10,0){\node}
\put(50,0){\mghead{P}{}}
\put(50,0){\node}
\put(70,0){\pickup{}{}{}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(90,0){\microphone{R}{}{}{}}
\put(90,0){\node}
\put(10,40){\earphone{R}{}{}{}}
\put(10,40){\node}
\put(40,40){\loudspeaker{L}{}{8 $\Omega$}}
\put(40,40){\node}
\put(60,40){\hcrystal{X}{1 MHz}}
\put(60,40){\node}
\put(80,70){\relay{}{$A_{1}$}{1000}}
\put(80,70){\node}
\put(0,100){\vgap{}}
\put(0,100){\node}
\put(40,70){\earth}
\put(40,70){\node}
\put(60,70){\chassis}
\put(60,70){\node}
\put(90,70){\antenna{}}
\put(90,70){\node}
\put(0,70){\bell{}{}}
\put(0,70){\node}
\put(10,100){\hgenerator{D}}
\put(10,100){\node}
\put(40,110){\hfuse{}{}}
\put(40,110){\node}
\put(80,100){\hbulb{Z}{6 V}}
\put(80,100){\node}
\put(10,130){\hdlamp{}{}}
\put(10,130){\node}
\put(40,130){\hflamp{}{}}
\put(40,130){\node}
\put(80,130){\hglow{}{}}
\put(80,130){\node}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Other basic symbols}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\section{Semiconductors.}

\bf Photorezistor \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position   (lenght 30 mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hphotorez{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is text (label), p2 is text (value) \\
\item vertical position  (height 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vphotorez{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
\item diagonal position in rectangle 30mm x 30mm
   \begin{verbatim}
      \dphotorez{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is diagonale selection D = right down, U = right up, p2 and
p3 the same meaning as in the horiz. and vert. case \\
\end {itemize}

\bf Varistor, Thermistor \rm \\
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal positiion   (lenght 30 mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hvarrez{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is text (device label), p2 is text (value),
p3 is text (mark for controlling value eg. U or $\vartheta$ \\
\item vertical position  (height 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vvarrez{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}

\clearpage

\item diagonal position in rectangle 30mm x 30mm
   \begin{verbatim}
      \dvarrez{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is diagonale selection D = right down, U = right up, p2,
p3 and p4 the same meaning as in horiz. and vert. case \\
\end {itemize}


\bf Diodes \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position   (lenght 30 mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hdiod{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code of position of cathode L = left, R = right \\
p2 is code for type of diode, R = rectifier, C = varicap, Z =
Zener, E = Esaki, S = Shottky, L = LED, P =
photodiode \\
p3 is text (label) \\
p4 je text ( type of diode) \\
\item vertical position  (height 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vdiode{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code of position of cathode U = up, D = down \\
other parameters are the same meaning as in the horiz. and vert. case
\item diagonal position in rectangle 30mm x 30mm
   \begin{verbatim}
      \ddiode{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is diagonale selection D = right down, U = right up,
p2 is position of cathode D = down, U = up\\
p3 is text (label) \\
p4 is text ( type diode) \\
\end {itemize}


\clearpage

\bf Graetz bridge \rm
   \begin{verbatim}
      \graetz{p1}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code for position of + pole of bridge L = left, R =
right \\

\bf Diac \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position   (lenght 30 mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hdiac{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label) \\
p2 is text (type of device) \\
\item vertical position  (height 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vdiac{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameters p1 p2
are the same meaning as in the horiz. case
\end{itemize}

\bf Triac \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position   (lenght 30 mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \htriac{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code for position of gate, (A,B,C,D) see fig.~\ref{triac} \\
p2 is text (label) \\
p3 is text (type of device) \\
\item vertical position  (height 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vtriac{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameters p1 p2 p3
are the same meaning as in horiz. case
\end{itemize}


\clearpage

\bf Thyristor \rm
\begin{itemize}
\item horizontal position   (lenght 30 mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \hthyristor{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code for position of cathode L = left, R = right \\
p2 is code for position of gate
 (A,B,C,D) see fig.~\ref{triac} \\
p3 is text (label) \\
p4 is text (type of device) \\
\item vertical position  (height 30mm)
   \begin{verbatim}
      \vthyristor{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code for position of cathode U = up, D = down\\
other parameters are the same meaning as in horiz. case
\item diagonal position in rectange 30mm x 30mm
   \begin{verbatim}
      \dthyristor{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}{p5}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is diagonale selection D = right down, U = right up,
p2 is position of cathode D = down, U = up\\
p3 is code of position of gate (A,B,C,D) see fig.~\ref{triac} \\
p3 is text (label) \\
p4 is text (type of device) \\
\end {itemize}





\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(90,100)(0,0)
\put(0,15){\hthyristor{L}{A}{}{}}
\put(0,15){\node}
\put(0,0){\makebox{p2 = A}}
\put(50,15){\hthyristor{L}{B}{}{}}
\put(50,15){\node}
\put(50,0){\makebox{p2 = B}}
\put(0,40){\hthyristor{L}{C}{}{}}
\put(0,40){\node}
\put(0,30){\makebox{p2 = C}}
\put(60,40){\hthyristor{L}{D}{}{}}
\put(60,40){\node}
\put(60,30){\makebox{p2 = D}}
\put(0,70){\dthyristor{D}{U}{A}{}{}}
\put(0,70){\node}
\put(5,70){\makebox{p3 = A}}
\put(50,70){\dthyristor{D}{U}{B}{}{}}
\put(50,70){\node}
\put(55,70){\makebox{p3 = B}}
\put(0,100){\dthyristor{D}{U}{C}{}{}}
\put(0,100){\node}
\put(5,100){\makebox{p3 = C}}
\put(50,100){\dthyristor{D}{U}{D}{}{}}
\put(50,100){\node}
\put(55,100){\makebox{p3 = D}}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Positions of gate at triac and thyristor}
\label{triac}
\end{figure}

\clearpage


\bf Optically coupled insulator \rm (lenght 30 mm) \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \opto{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code for orientation of transistor L = left, R = right \\
p2 is text (label) \\
p3 is text (type of device) \\

\bf Operational amplifier \rm (lenght 30 mm) \\
   \begin{verbatim}
      \opamp{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code for orientation of output L = left, R = right \\
p2 is position of negative input D = down, U = up \\
p3 is text (label inside device) \\

\bf Transistors \rm (circle 10 mm) \\
\begin{itemize}
 \item bipolar transistor
   \begin{verbatim}
      \bipolar{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}{p5}
    \end{verbatim}
parameter p1 is code of semiconductor, N (in case  NPN), P (in
case PNP) \\
p2 is code for orientation of  emitor-collector  (vertically
L = left, R = right) or (horizontally U = up, D = down ) \\
p3 is position of emitor with respect to collector, U = up,
D = down, L = left, R = right (logically to parameter p2) \\
p4 is text (label) \\
p5 is text (type of device) \\

\clearpage

 \item MOS transistor
   \begin{verbatim}
      \mos{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}{p5}{p6}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is code of operating mode of transistor, E = enhancement
, D = depletion \\
p2 is code, type of channel N, P \\
p3 is code, orientation of source-drain  (vertically
L = left, R = right) or (horizontally U = up, D = down ) \\
p4 is code of position of source with respect to drain, U = up,
D = down, L = left, R = right (logically to parameter p2) \\
p5 is text (label) \\
p6 is text (type of device) \\
\item JFET transistor
   \begin{verbatim}
      \jfet{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}{p5}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is code of type of channel N, P \\
p2 is code of orientation of source-drain (vertically
L = left, R = right) or (horizontally U = up, D = down)  \\
p3 is code of position of source with respect to drain, U = up,
D = down, L = left, R = right (logically to parameter p2) \\
p4 is text (label) \\
p5 is text (type of device) \\
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,50)(0,0)
\put(0,20){\bipolar{N}{R}{D}{}{}}
\put(0,20){\node}
\put(60,0){\jfet{P}{U}{L}{}{}}
\put(60,0){\node}
\put(40,50){\mos{E}{N}{D}{R}{}{}}
\put(40,50){\node}
\put(90,40){\mos{D}{N}{L}{D}{}{}}
\put(90,40){\node}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Transistors}
\label{tran}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,60)(0,0)
\put(10,0){\opto{R}{}{}}
\put(10,0){\node}
\put(70,20){\opamp{L}{D}{}}
\put(70,20){\node}
\put(0,50){\hvarrez{$R_{4}$}{5k$\Omega$}{-$\vartheta$}}
\put(0,50){\node}
\put(90,30){\vvarrez{$R_{5}$}{5k$\Omega$}{U}}
\put(90,30){\node}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Other semiconductors}
\label{pol}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\section{Basic discrete circuit.}
\begin{itemize}
 \item gates
   \begin{verbatim}
      \logic{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}{p5}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is code, number of inputs 1 up to 8 \\
p2 is code, negation of output N or direct output (empty param.) \\
p3 is text, mark for type of gate  (eg. \&$>$)  \\
p4 is text (label eg. $IC_{1}$ ) \\
p5 is text (type of device eg. SN 74 00) \\
 \item flip flop type D
   \begin{verbatim}
      \dflip{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label) \\
p2 is text (type of device) \\
 \item flip flop type JK
   \begin{verbatim}
      \jkflip{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label) \\
p2 is text (type of device) \\
 \item binary decoder
   \begin{verbatim}
      \bdecoder{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is number 10 or 16  (number of outputs) \\
p2 is text (label) \\
p3 is text (type of device) \\

\clearpage

 \item multiplexer
   \begin{verbatim}
      \mpx{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is number 8 or 16  (number of inputs) \\
p2 is text (label) \\
p3 is text (type of device) \\
 \item counter
   \begin{verbatim}
      \counter{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is number 10 or 16 (decadic or binary counter) \\
p2 is text (label) \\
p3 is text (type of device) \\
 \item reversible counter
   \begin{verbatim}
      \rcounter{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is number 10 or 16 (decadic or binary counter) \\
p2 is text (label) \\
p3 is text (type of device) \\
 \item shift register
   \begin{verbatim}
      \shregister{p1}{p2}{p3}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is number 5 or 8 (type register bits number) \\
p2 is text (label) \\
p3 is text (type of device) \\
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,100)(0,0)
\put(0,10){\logic{2}{N}{\&$>$}{}{}}
\put(0,10){\node}
\put(70,0){\dflip{}{}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(30,0){\bdecoder{10}{}{}}
\put(30,0){\node}
\put(10,50){\counter{16}{}}
\put(10,50){\node}
\put(50,50){\shregister{5}{}{}}
\put(50,50){\node}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Discrete circuits}
\label{log}
\end{figure}

\clearpage

\section{Valves.}
\begin{itemize}
 \item diode
   \begin{verbatim}
      \diode{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label) \\
p2 is text (type of valve) \\
 \item triode
   \begin{verbatim}
      \triode{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label) \\
p2 is text (type of valve) \\
 \item pentode
   \begin{verbatim}
      \pentode{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label) \\
p2 is text (type of valve) \\
 \item heptode
   \begin{verbatim}
      \heptode{p1}{p2}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (label) \\
p2 is text (type of valve) \\
 \item tube
   \begin{verbatim}
      \tube{p1}{p2}{p3}{p4}
    \end{verbatim}
p1 is type of tube E = electrostatic, M = magmetic \\
p2 is orientation of tube R = right, L = left \\
p3 is text (label) \\
p4 is text (type of tube) \\
\end{itemize}

\clearpage

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,60)(0,0)
\put(5,10){\tube{M}{R}{}{}}
\put(5,10){\node}
\put(95,10){\tube{E}{L}{}{}}
\put(95,10){\node}
\put(10,50){\diode{}{}}
\put(10,50){\node}
\put(30,30){\triode{}{}}
\put(30,30){\node}
\put(50,30){\pentode{}{}}
\put(50,30){\node}
\put(80,30){\heptode{}{}}
\put(80,30){\node}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Valves}
\label{ele}
\end{figure}

\section{Block schematic marks.}
\begin{itemize}
\item general functional block
  \begin{verbatim}
    \block{p1}
  \end{verbatim}
p1 is text (whatever short - will be placed into block, eg. AM for
amplitude modulator, FM frequency modulator) \\
\item generator
  \begin{verbatim}
    \generator{p1}
  \end{verbatim}
p1 is code  H = high frequency, L = low frequency \\
\item convertor
  \begin{verbatim}
    \convertor{p1}{p2}
  \end{verbatim}
p1 and p2 are various shorts (eg. U, I for convertor voltage to current) \\
\item filters  \\
  lowpass... \verb?\lowpass? \\
  highpass.. \verb?\highpass? \\
  bandpass.. \verb?\bandpass? \\
  bandstop.. \verb?\bandstop? \\
\item attenuator \\
   \begin{verbatim}
    \attenuator{p1}
  \end{verbatim}
p1 is type of att. V= adjustable, empty par.= non adjustable \\
\item corrector \\
   \begin{verbatim}
    \corrector{p1}
  \end{verbatim}
p1 is  various short eg. A = for amplitude corrector \\
\item limiter \\
   \begin{verbatim}
    \limiter{p1}
  \end{verbatim}
p1 is code  B = high and low voltage limiter,
H = high voltage limiter, L = low voltage limiter \\
\item Other block marks  \\
  amplifier............. \verb?\amplifier? \\
  expander of dynamic... \verb?\expander? \\
  compresor of dynamic.. \verb?\compresor? \\
  transformer........... \verb?\transformer? \\
  hybrid circuit........ \verb?\hybrid? \\
  balancing network..... \verb?\balanc? \\
\end{itemize}

\clearpage

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,80)(0,0)
\put(10,10){\block{AM}}
\put(10,10){\node}
\put(40,10){\generator{H}}
\put(40,10){\node}
\put(70,10){\convertor{U}{I}}
\put(70,10){\node}
\put(10,30){\lowpass}
\put(10,30){\node}
\put(40,30){\attenuator{}}
\put(40,30){\node}
\put(70,30){\amplifier}
\put(70,30){\node}
\put(10,50){\corrector{A}}
\put(10,50){\node}
\put(40,50){\expander}
\put(40,50){\node}
\put(70,50){\limiter{B}}
\put(70,50){\node}
\put(10,70){\transformer}
\put(10,70){\node}
\put(40,70){\hybrid}
\put(40,70){\node}
\put(70,70){\balanc}
\put(70,70){\node}
\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Block schematic marks}
\label{blok}
\end{figure}


\clearpage

\section{Spetial macros.}
To make easy drawing schemas is possible create own macros from commands
\verb?\eltex? in the cases frequently drawn structures. Some of these
structures are created here in \verb?\eltex?.

\begin{itemize}
\item simple T network  \verb?\tnet?
\item simple $\pi$ network  \verb?\pinet?
\item bridged T network  \verb?\tbnet?
\item parallel T network  \verb?\ttnet?
\item lattice network  \verb?\xnet?
\item ladder network  \verb?\bnet{p1}? , where parameter p1 is T for
structure composed of T networks and P for structure of $\pi$ networks.
\end{itemize}

\clearpage

\section{Examples.}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(120,40)(0,0)
%\grid{12}{4}
\put(10,0){\vsourcev {D} {$U_{Z}$} {2 V$\sim$} }
\put(10,30){\hwire{10}}
\put(20,30){\hrez{$R_{1}$}{10k}{0}}
\put(50,30){\hcap{$C$}{5n}{0}{}}
\put(80,30){\hrez{$R_{2}$}{2k}{0}}
\put(115,0){\vind{R}{$L_{2}$}{50mH}{0}}
\put(55,0){\vind{R}{$L_{1}$}{10mH}{0}}
\put(10,0){\hwire{105}}
\put(110,30){\hwire{5}}
\put(60,10){\vcore{10}{I}}
\put(35,15){\cloop{L}{$I_{1}$}}
\put(85,15){\cloop{R}{$I_{2}$}}
\put(55,30){\node}
\put(55,0){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Commands of Example 1
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(120,40)(0,0)
%\grid{12}{4}
\put(10,0){\vsourcev {D} {$U_{Z}$} {2 V$\sim$} }
\put(10,30){\hwire{10}}
\put(20,30){\hrez{$R_{1}$}{10k}{0}}
\put(50,30){\hcap{$C$}{5n}{0}{}}
\put(80,30){\hrez{$R_{2}$}{2k}{0}}
\put(115,0){\vind{R}{$L_{2}$}{50mH}{0}}
\put(55,0){\vind{R}{$L_{1}$}{10mH}{0}}
\put(10,0){\hwire{105}}
\put(110,30){\hwire{5}}
\put(60,10){\vcore{10}{I}}
\put(35,15){\cloop{L}{$I_{1}$}}
\put(85,15){\cloop{R}{$I_{2}$}}
\put(55,30){\node}
\put(55,0){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(130,60)(0,0)
%\grid{13}{6}
\put(15,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{1}$}{}}
\put(15,30){\hrez{$R_{B}$}{47k}{0}}
\put(45,30){\hmeasure{$\mu A$}}
\put(75,30){\bipolar{N}{R}{D}{}{KC 508}}
\put(70,0){\vmeasure{mV}}
\put(95,50){\hrez{$R_{Z}$}{1k5}{0}}
\put(100,15){\vmeasure{V}}
\put(125,20){\vmeasure{mA}}
\put(125,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{2}$}{}}
\put(15,0){\hwire{110}}
\put(100,0){\vwire{15}}
\put(100,45){\vwire{5}}
\put(95,0){\vwire{10}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(70,30){\node}
\put(100,0){\node}
\put(100,50){\node}
\put(95,0){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Commands of Example 2
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(130,60)(0,0)
%\grid{13}{6}
\put(15,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{1}$}{}}
\put(15,30){\hrez{$R_{B}$}{47k}{0}}
\put(45,30){\hmeasure{$\mu A$}}
\put(75,30){\bipolar{N}{R}{D}{}{KC 508}}
\put(70,0){\vmeasure{mV}}
\put(95,50){\hrez{$R_{Z}$}{1k5}{0}}
\put(100,15){\vmeasure{V}}
\put(125,20){\vmeasure{mA}}
\put(125,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{2}$}{}}
\put(15,0){\hwire{110}}
\put(100,0){\vwire{15}}
\put(100,45){\vwire{5}}
\put(95,0){\vwire{10}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(70,30){\node}
\put(100,0){\node}
\put(100,50){\node}
\put(95,0){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}


\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,50)(0,0)
%\grid{13}{6}
\unitlength=0.75mm
\small
\put(15,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{1}$}{}}
\put(15,30){\hrez{$R_{B}$}{47k}{0}}
\put(45,30){\hmeasure{$\mu A$}}
\put(75,30){\bipolar{N}{R}{D}{}{KC 508}}
\put(70,0){\vmeasure{mV}}
\put(95,50){\hrez{$R_{Z}$}{1k5}{0}}
\put(100,15){\vmeasure{V}}
\put(125,20){\vmeasure{mA}}
\put(125,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{2}$}{}}
\put(15,0){\hwire{110}}
\put(100,0){\vwire{15}}
\put(100,45){\vwire{5}}
\put(95,0){\vwire{10}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(70,30){\node}
\put(100,0){\node}
\put(100,50){\node}
\put(95,0){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The same scheme reduced to 75 \% by command \verb?\unitlength=0.75mm?
and
\verb?\small?. This commands must be writen behind the command
\verb?\grid? because command \verb?\grid? sets \verb?\unitlength=1mm?.  \\
Commands of Example 3

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,50)(0,0)
%\grid{13}{6}
\unitlength=0.75mm
\small
\put(15,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{1}$}{}}
\put(15,30){\hrez{$R_{B}$}{47k}{0}}
\put(45,30){\hmeasure{$\mu A$}}
\put(75,30){\bipolar{N}{R}{D}{}{KC 508}}
\put(70,0){\vmeasure{mV}}
\put(95,50){\hrez{$R_{Z}$}{1k5}{0}}
\put(100,15){\vmeasure{V}}
\put(125,20){\vmeasure{mA}}
\put(125,0){\vsourcev{D}{$U_{2}$}{}}
\put(15,0){\hwire{110}}
\put(100,0){\vwire{15}}
\put(100,45){\vwire{5}}
\put(95,0){\vwire{10}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(70,30){\node}
\put(100,0){\node}
\put(100,50){\node}
\put(95,0){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}

\clearpage

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,40)(0,0)
%\grid{10}{4}
\put(10,0){\vind{R}{$L_{1}$}{}{0}}
\put(20,0){\vind{L}{$L_{2}$}{}{0}}
\put(0,0){\hwire{30}}
\put(0,30){\hwire{10}}
\put(20,30){\hwire{10}}
\put(10,0){\node}
\put(20,0){\node}
\put(12,22){\simb{1}}
\put(18,22){\simb{1}}
\put(12,24){\makebox(6,6){M}}
\put(0,20){\varrow{D}{$U_{1}$}}
\put(25,20){\varrow{D}{$U_{2}$}}
\put(0,35){\harrow{R}{$I_{1}$}}
\put(30,35){\harrow{L}{$I_{2}$}}
\put(30,0){\makebox(6,6){a)}}
%%%
\put(40,30){\hind{U}{}{}{0}}
\put(50,20){\makebox(10,6){$L_{1}-M$}}
\put(70,30){\hind{U}{}{}{0}}
\put(80,20){\makebox(10,6){$L_{2}-M$}}
\put(70,0){\vind{L}{}{}{0}}
\put(70,15){\makebox(10,6){$M$}}
\put(40,0){\hwire{60}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(70,30){\node}
\put(90,0){\makebox(6,6){b)}}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Commands of Example 4
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,40)(0,0)
%\grid{10}{4}
\put(10,0){\vind{R}{$L_{1}$}{}{0}}
\put(20,0){\vind{L}{$L_{2}$}{}{0}}
\put(0,0){\hwire{30}}
\put(0,30){\hwire{10}}
\put(20,30){\hwire{10}}
\put(10,0){\node}
\put(20,0){\node}
\put(12,22){\simb{1}}
\put(18,22){\simb{1}}
\put(12,24){\makebox(6,6){M}}
\put(0,20){\varrow{D}{$U_{1}$}}
\put(25,20){\varrow{D}{$U_{2}$}}
\put(0,35){\harrow{R}{$I_{1}$}}
\put(30,35){\harrow{L}{$I_{2}$}}
\put(30,0){\makebox(6,6){a)}}
%%%
\put(40,30){\hind{U}{}{}{0}}
\put(50,20){\makebox(10,6){$L_{1}-M$}}
\put(70,30){\hind{U}{}{}{0}}
\put(80,20){\makebox(10,6){$L_{2}-M$}}
\put(70,0){\vind{L}{}{}{0}}
\put(70,15){\makebox(10,6){$M$}}
\put(40,0){\hwire{60}}
\put(70,0){\node}
\put(70,30){\node}
\put(90,0){\makebox(6,6){b)}}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}

\clearpage

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,100)(0,0)
%\grid{10}{10}
\put(20,0){\vcap{}{}{0}{}}
\put(5,15){\vlabel{C}{M1}}
\put(20,30){\vrez{}{}{0}}
\put(5,45){\vlabel{$R_{1}$}{1k5}}
\put(20,60){\vrez{}{}{6}}
\put(0,75){\vlabel{$R_{2}$}{M1}}
\put(20,30){\hdiac{}{}}
\put(35,20){\vlabel{D}{KR 207}}
\put(55,25){\vthyristor{D}{A}{Ty}{KT 501}}
\put(0,0){\hwire{55}}
\put(55,0){\vwire{25}}
\put(55,85){\vwire{5}}
\put(0,90){\hwire{55}}
\put(55,55){\vrez{}{}{0}}
\put(60,75){\vlabel{$R_{Z}$}{}}
\put(20,0){\node}
\put(20,30){\node}
\put(20,90){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 5}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In case when defined position for labels by el\TeX are not suitable
is possible to use commands \verb?\vlabel \hlabel? or \LaTeX command
\verb?\makebox?. Here is example.   \\
Commands of Example 5

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(100,100)(0,0)
%\grid{10}{10}
\put(20,0){\vcap{}{}{0}{}}
\put(5,15){\vlabel{C}{M1}}
\put(20,30){\vrez{}{}{0}}
\put(5,45){\vlabel{$R_{1}$}{1k5}}
\put(20,60){\vrez{}{}{6}}
\put(0,75){\vlabel{$R_{2}$}{M1}}
\put(20,30){\hdiac{}{}}
\put(35,20){\vlabel{D}{KR 207}}
\put(55,25){\vthyristor{D}{A}{Ty}{KT 501}}
\put(0,0){\hwire{55}}
\put(55,0){\vwire{25}}
\put(55,85){\vwire{5}}
\put(0,90){\hwire{55}}
\put(55,55){\vrez{}{}{0}}
\put(60,75){\vlabel{$R_{Z}$}{}}
\put(20,0){\node}
\put(20,30){\node}
\put(20,90){\node}
\end{picture}
\caption{Example 5}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}


\end{document}
